Canine Colitis
Colitis is inflammation of the colon (large intestine). It can be either acute (lasting only a few days) or chronic (lasting for weeks).
CAUSES:
The reason for the inflammation is often idiopathic (unknown). Some possible causes include:
- Stress
- The immune system attacking its own body
- Bacterial or fungal infection
- Parasites: for example, whipworms
- Food allergies
- Tumors
- Eating contaminated food
- Constant exposure to wetness
SIGNS:
The main symptom of colitis is frequent diarrhea with mucus or blood. This is because colitis causes the body not to be able to absorb water properly. The body cannot contain either store feces in the colon.
Other signs may include:
- Straining during and after defecation
- Cramping
- Gas
- Sudden urgency for a bathroom
You may also notice vomiting and weight loss, but only rarely.
DIAGNOSIS:
Your veterinarian will:
- Review your pet's medical history
- Perform a physical exam (with a focus on the rectal and abdominal areas)
- Take a colon biopsy
Your veterinarian may do other tests to rule out other conditions, including:
- Stool sample
- Cytology (a study of the structure and function of your dog's cells)
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- X-rays, ultrasound
TREATMENT:
Most cases of colitis cannot be cured. However, you can manage your dog's colitis with a special diet and medicine that your veterinarian may prescribe.
Diet: You should feed a diet with foods that are easily digested and foods that are high in fiber. Many dogs will have to remain on this diet for life.
Medication: The exact medication depends on the cause of the colitis:
- Antibiotics: to control bacterial causes
- Sulfa-containing drugs: to control chronic colitis
- Immunosuppressive drugs: for colitis caused by immune deficiencies
- Steroids or other anti-inflammatory medications
PREVENTION:
There is no way to know beforehand which dog might develop colitis. Once a pet is susceptible, you can prevent flare-ups with a bland and easily digested diet that is high in fiber.
PROGNOSIS:
In most cases, there is an excellent prognosis with a change in diet and some medication. You can manage your pet's colitis to the point where it can live a happy, comfortable life for many years.
Medically Reviewed by Sara Ochoa, DVM
